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Talking about Imitation Porcelain Tableware and Melamine
31 Dec 2017
Imitation porcelain tableware is due to colorful, diverse styles, lightweight drop-resistant, etc., has become the majority of parents to baby eating "practice" preferred. However, April 12, 2009, CCTV exposed some companies even use the national banned industrial materials instead of food raw materials to produce. After listening, can not help but creepy. Because high-quality imitation porcelain tableware at a relatively high temperature, met the release of formaldehyde on the water, the potential carcinogen actually appeared on the tableware.
However, it should be clear that the truly safe melamine tableware is made with melamine and formaldehyde. So there is nothing wrong with the chemical itself, the key is how people use it.
1. Melamine-formaldehyde resin (abbreviated as MF)
Melamine resin Refers to melamine resin, melamine (M) and formaldehyde (F) reaction of the polymer, also known as melamine formaldehyde resin. Melamine resin after curing non-toxic and tasteless colorless and transparent, and its compact structure, a strong hardness, not easy to break, has a strong durability; stable in boiling water, and even 150 ℃ in high temperature use. Melamine tableware refers to the use of melamine resin plus wood pulp filler made of molded products.

The raw materials for the production of melamine resin are melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine) and formaldehyde. The latter usually uses 37% aqueous solution, namely formalin. Since M contains three active amino groups, different amounts of N-methylol substituted with different amounts of the two raw materials are generated. Calculated theoretically, 1 mole of M can interact with 6 moles of F to produce six methylol substituents. The industry generally use F / M = 2 ~ 3, in order to avoid the end product contains too much methylene ether bond.

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Resin solution obtained by chemical reaction in a matter of days to form a gel, it should not be stored, the industry commonly used spray-dried powder made of solid. Melamine resin is not cured at room temperature, generally 130 ~ 150 ~ C thermal curing, plus a small amount of acid catalysis can improve the curing speed. Melamine resin plus inorganic filler can be made into a variety of molded products, such as tableware and so on. Its look resembles porcelain or ivory, not brittle and suitable for mechanical washing. This is why Imitation porcelain tableware popular restaurant industry.
Melamine formaldehyde resin itself is non-toxic, but contains a certain degree of free formaldehyde formaldehyde resin, will be slowly released by microwave radiation, so for safety, using melamine resin-made utensils will be marked "can not be put into the microwave use" Goodwill warning But unfortunately: According to spot checks, the market price of 13,000 to 14,000 yuan / ton of melamine resin material for the production of inferior melamine tableware less than 20%. With the price of 5,000 yuan / ton of urea-formaldehyde resin to be replaced, almost become illegal Imitation porcelain tableware production industry unspoken "unspoken rules."
2. Urea-formaldehyde resin (abbreviated as UF)
Urea vinegar resin (urea formaldehyde resin) is urea and formaldehyde by addition polymerization of thermosetting resin. The structure of the product is more complicated, directly affected by the ratio of the amount of urea and formaldehyde, the reaction system pH, reaction temperature, time and other conditions. Urea-formaldehyde resin synthesized by the traditional theory of body structure is mainly divided into two stages, the first stage of the generation of methylol urea, as the addition reaction stage; the second stage of resinification, the polycondensation reaction stage.
(1) Addition reaction stage
Urea and formaldehyde in neutral or weak alkaline medium (pH 7 ~ 8) hydroxylation reaction. When the molar ratio of formaldehyde and urea (F / U) ≤ 1 to generate a stable hydroxymethyl urea:

Then, and then reacted with formaldehyde to produce dimethylol urea:

The reaction can continue, resulting in small amounts of trimethylol urea, tetramethylol urea, however, tetramethylol urea has not yet been isolated.
(2) polycondensation reaction stage
Hydroxymethyl urea contains an active hydroxymethyl (a CH2OH), can be further condensed to produce a polymer. Since the polycondensation reaction is very slow under alkaline conditions, the resulting monomethylol urea and dimethylol urea are reacted with unreacted urea, methylol, and methylol at elevated temperatures only in a slightly acidic medium (pH 4 to 6) Methylolmethylation between the reaction, the formation of various polycondensate intermediates. Typical reactions are:
Hydroxymethyl urea is condensed with the hydrogen on the adjacent amino groups to form methylene bonds.

Hydroxymethyl groups of adjacent two molecules are condensed to form dimethylene bond and release water.

Hydroxymethyl adjacent two molecules dehydration and formaldehyde reaction:

After the intermediate is formed, it is further polycondensed to form a linear or branched oligomer that is soluble in water. Since the oligomers of urea-formaldehyde resin contain reactive groups such as methylol, amino and imino groups, heating or adding a curing agent can accelerate the reaction to proceed to form larger molecules and finally form a bulk network structure.
Use of urea formaldehyde resin made of industrial raw materials such as tableware poor heat and humidity, when using this tableware hot liquid food, easy to precipitate formaldehyde carcinogen, which will have a huge health hazard for consumers. Therefore, the state published in 2006, "Food Packaging Container Tools and other products manufacturing license" provides that the use of urea formaldehyde resin instead of melamine resin production of imitation porcelain tableware.
Green tea from consumers by the melamine tableware, is it going to quit our life? National Environmental Product Quality Center Distinguished Expert, International Food Packaging Association, vice president of Dong-Lion said, "As long as not for ultra-high temperature environment, Qualified imitation melamine tableware can still be used safely.Melamine resin production is a mature food packaging process, its properties are stable, resistant to 150 ℃ high temperature (but not for microwave heating), under normal circumstances will not decompose harmful Material. "Chairman Dong suggested, for safety reasons, consumers should not buy cheap ugg boots cheap in the selection of such tableware, should go to large shopping malls and supermarkets to buy, and look for QS production license mark, but also pay attention to the real Melamine resin is white, and now on the market of colorful inferior porcelain tableware are over-color, so choose white or light-colored tableware more secure; with urea-formaldehyde resin

Or with urea formaldehyde resin and melamine resin mixture of tableware surface will have white, rough and crack phenomenon. When the consumer discerns, you can use cigarette butts hot imitation porcelain tableware surface, depending on whether the hot spots foaming.

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